Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Strawberry fields and onions

By Stella A. Estremera

Sunday, March 11, 2012

UP IN Barangay Baganihan in Marilog District in the uplands of Davao City, a group of farmers are being introduced to new varieties of strawberries as the City Agriculturist’s Office (CAO) envisions the development of high-value crops producing area in the city’s biggest administrative district that can equal if not be better than the farmlands of Benguet.

For so long, the cool farmlands of Marilog have been producing strawberries, but the planting materials were of varieties that produce very sour fruits. Thus, the strawberries of Marilog never made it into the mainstream market.

The Baganihan Agri-Ventures Cooperative Inc. made up of farmers in the area have agreed to try out the project with the help of CAO and the high-value crops division of the Department of Agriculture (DA).

“We are targeting that around October of this year, Marilog will already be producing strawberries that can satisfy the local demand so that supermarkets here need no longer get their supplies from Benguet,” CAO officer-in-charge Leonardo R. Avila III said in a media tour of the experimental farm.

The varieties – Festival and Sweet Charlie – that BAVC is planting these days are those from Benguet, the red luscious strawberries that are sold in supermarkets here.

The farm is being manned by Criselda Iroy, who said, no one among the members have taken up interest on the experiment and that she has been farming anyway and so she took on the task.

Farther up the mountain highway in barangay Buda, another group of farmers are venturing into onion bulbs.

“We can produce these onions here, but we are importing most of these from China,” Avila said.

Jimmy Bangonan, 42, is the first to test the Rushmore and Red Pinoy varieties in a ¼ hectare farm lot.

With an initial capital of P9,000 covering seeds and land preparation, he said, he was able to net P42,000 in his first harvest of Rushmore onions. Seeds, he said, cost P320 per 100 grams and one needs around 1.4 kilos of seeds for ¼ hectare, Bangonan said.

“There are many buyers, they are the ones who come over and bought my harvest,” he said.

“Demand for onion bulbs will always be there,” Bangonan said in the vernacular. “Even the poor come over here in Buda to buy onions.”

His first harvest, he said, was that of Rushmore, and he finds this very profitable. From the seedbed, which has to be tended for one month, these are planted in the regular plots and made to grow for 75 days. After that, he said, he just keeps on harvesting every week.

He already planted a small plot with the Red Pinoy variety and found potential in this too, although the Red Pinoy takes longer to grow to harvestable age – three months or 90 days.

“But the bulbs are firmer and can be stored longer. You can also harvest more per plot,” he added. Four hundred grams of Red Pinoy seeds cost P1,400.

He appreciates the help CAO has extended in terms of access to seeds and technical support saying that before CAO came in, he was farming on his own without much access to better varieties that he could have earned more from.

To further help the farmers establish a market hold, the CAO is building a display center along the highway in Baganihan. The center will not only be a place where buyers can congregate but will also display the crafts of lumads in the area – mostly Matigsalugs.

Avila said the main problem of the farmers in the uplands is really access to planting materials and the market, this is what the CAO is opening to them. With such support, he foresees a huge potential for the city’s farm sector.

“The land is rich, the climate is suited for agriculture, there is vast potential in this area,” Avila said.

Strawberry fields and onions | Sun.Star

Strawberry fields and onions | Sun.Star

Risk-free water disinfection-8-May-2012

Risk-free water disinfection-8-May-2012

Saturday, May 12, 2012

Average amount of NPK for some manure, Good organic fertilizer for our plants and veggies

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How Bio Fertilizer Work

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  • Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen

  • Decomposition of organic wastes and residues

  • Suppression of soil-borne pathogens

  • Recycling and increased availability of plant nutrients

  • Degradation of toxic ants including pesticides

  • Production of antibiotics and other bio active compounds

  • Production of simple organic molecules for plant uptake

  • Complexion of heavy metals to limit plant uptake

  • Solubilization of insoluble nutrient sources (es Phosphate,potash)

  • Production of polysaccharides to improve soil aggregation

  • Increase Soil Water Holding Capacity

  • Increase seed germination

  • Decrease Fungal Activity

  • Normalize Soil Ph

Tuesday, March 27, 2012

Transitioning in Anchorage: Aquaponics Experimenter's Kit

Transitioning in Anchorage: Aquaponics Experimenter's Kit: re ". ..things we are doing to prepare for life in Anchorage after peak oil/natural gas, after cost of living here rises, and while our cli...

Monday, March 12, 2012

Onion Bulb Production

Varieties

Red Creole
Red Pinoy
Yellow Granex (Hybrid)

Seed Establishment and Seed Sowing (Nursery)
Seedbed should be located in a well-drained, friable soil with good water holding capacity and high organic matter content. If soil pH is lower than 5.8 lime application is necessary at the rate of 3 tons/ha applied one month before transplanting.
Land should be prepared by thorough plowings and harrowing. Level and pulverize the soil to facilitate formation of beds (1 meter wide and 20 m long.) Prior to seed sowing, sterilize the beds by burning rice straw on top or by pouring boiling water to prevent pest and disease infestation.
Broadcast chicken manure or compost at the rate of 10t/ha combined with 10 bags 14-14-14. Space 10-15 cm between rows and sow seeds evenly in a row at 5-6 seeds/inch with seeding depth of 1/2 inch. Approximately 25 grams of seeds is needed per square meter. Irrigation should be applied adequately in the field right after seed sowing. Seeds will germinate at about 7-10 days after sowing and are ready for transplanting 45 days after sowing.

Land Preparation and Formation of Beds
Prepare the field by 2 plowings and 2 harrowing. Level and pulverize the soil to a fine texture to facilitate formation beds.
Raised beds are constructed at 0.5 meter wide by 20 m long (maximum) by 15 cm high. Double row beds will be prepared with a distance of 20-25 cm between hills and with a hole depth of at least 3.5 cm.

Basal Fertilization and Transplanting
Basal application of chicken dung or compost at the rate of 10t/ha combined with 10 bags 14-14-14 will be applied in the prepared hole and then cover thinly with fine soil.
Transplant one seedling in each hole by pressing downward the base of the seedlings so that the roots will have a good contact with the soil. Irrigate after transplanting.
Seedlings are ready for transplanting 45 days after sowing or when the seedlings are about pencil-size in ten diameter, has 5 visible leaves and a height of at least 15 cm.

Side-dressing
First side-dressing will be done ten days after transplanting with 3 bags/ha of Urea mixed with 2 bags/ha of Muriate of Potash or approximately 15 grams Urea and 10 grams Muriate of Potash per square meter.

Irrigation
Irrigation should be applied after transplanting. Weekly irrigation is done or whenever necessary. More frequent watering when the bulbs are developing. Do not irrigate 3-45 days before harvesting or when 20-30% of the plant tops fall over naturally.

Cultivation and Weeding
Cultivation and hand weeding should be done 10 days after transplanting to be followed two to three times more to make sure that the weeds are checked and the plants do not become waterlogged.
Hilling-up is done 3 weeks before the harvest to avoid greening of onions.

Insect Pests and Disease Control

Thrips. Abundant during dry season. Adults and nymphs rasp the leaf surface and suck juice from the leaf. The leaves appear slippery with sunken areas that later dry up resulting to weakened plant, reduced growth and lower yields.
Examine closely some plants from 14 m perimeter of the field by pulling the leaves apart at the base. It attack is severe, employ chemical control.
Armyworms. The larvae bore into the onion leaves and fed leaving the exterior almost intact. Damage is worse in weedy fields. Thorough land preparation is done to destroy the egg laying sites and feeding source. Chemical control is recommended.
Cutworms. Larvae feed at night and hide near their feeding site during the day. They roll when disturbed.
Purple Bloch. Fungal disease that occurs on leaves, bulbs, flowers, and survives in crop residues. Lesions start at small sunken area with dark purple center. Infection of the bulb occurs as the plant approaches maturity. A combined approach involving cultural and chemical control is necessary.
Sooty Mold. Occurs generally after the bulbs have been harvested. This is favored by high temperature and humidity. Curing the Onions quickly with good ventilation is necessary.
Bacterial Soft Rot. Bulbs that have mechanical injuries/bruises are susceptible. Make sure that plants are mature before harvest. Provide proper ventilation during the curing, packing and transport.
Fungal spraying is done o prevent fungal diseases. Spraying starts 12 days from sowing and weekly thereafter.

Harvesting and Curing
Harvest the crop as soon as the necks of the plants tends to fall down or when 75% of the stems are fallen over. Harvesting is done manually by pulling the matured bulbs.
Harvesting bulbs are placed in the field for 2-3 days before bringing them to the curing house. However, if rain occurs, the bulbs should be brought immediately to the curing house.
The curing house should be well ventilated and relative dry. Harvested bulbs are air-dried or cured 3-4 weeks until the neck is soft and dry (closed).
Remove or cut tops with shears 1.5 -2.5 cm. from stem end of the bulbs. Do not remove outer scales. Place the bulbs on racks made of tiers of bamboo, wood or netted wire. Put the racks in a well-ventilated shed.

Trimming/Sorting
Trim the onion roots and leaves right after harvest or one day after filling them under the sun. Use sharp knife or scythe and cut 4-6 cm from the bulb.
Cleaning/Sorting
Clean the bulbs by peeling-off the outer peelings. Arrange in crates and store in well-ventilated place free from high moisture and expose to the sun.

Source: www.da.gov.ph, photo from pas.byu.edu

Friday, February 17, 2012

Monday, January 23, 2012

The Future of Manufacturing

LayFlat tubing for drip irrigation: not just PVC .... now also in Polyethylene

Posted by Alberto Quattrini

Layflat per irrigazione a goccia in polietilene

Accessories for drip irrigation are always subject to changes or updates in order to improve performance and reduce costs ... the LayFlat tubing is no exception!

For LayFlat tubing, literally "flat" piping, ducts "robot intentono" that are used for transporting liquids as an alternative to other, rigid, metal or polyethylene.
In 1970 the layflat tubing is used as a main line or, more often, as the starting catcher for all dripping (tape or all read).
In the latter case using layflat tubing is particularly appreciated thanks to the possibility of being trampled, when "deflated", without any impact damage.
Lends itself to installations in warhead or half field ensuring maximum freedom of maneuver to tractors and machines for spraying.

Over the past two years some companies have refined the techniques of production of polyethylene flat and today are on the market products reliable and appropriate for use in or and, in particular, in drip irrigation

Generally soft polyethylene pipelines have features similar to PVC models and accessories are similar in all respects.

The images that follow refer to insert mode of fittings of departure and, as you see, the sequence of operations is the same.

Flat tubes made of polyethylene, or PE Flat, have some advantages over PVC: cousins

  • are non-toxic: can also be used for the carriage of liquids
  • are recyclable: as easily recyclable polyethylene are for the benefit of the environment and eco-green spirit necessary to the defense of our planet
From the perspective of transport and storage of other advantages of PE Flat:
  • are light: the weight of a 100 m roll of equal diameter weighs on average 40% over the equivalent in PVC
  • less cumbersome: the storage space required is considerably less than the benefit of the best use of space for the transport or storage
Even in daily use can be found advantages in favor of PE Flat:
  • are less sensitive to temperature: can be used even with temperatures very rigid and, above all, stretching far less at high temperatures

In addition, non-negligible element, have a lower cost by about 15-20%

Saturday, November 19, 2011

Why Proper Drainage is Important in Banana Farms

Fruits: Banana
Written by Dr. Biley E. Temanel and Dr. Orlando Balderama
Friday, 15 June 2007
    Poor drainage is a major cause of reduced yield and quality of bananas grown in Cagayan Valley. In many cases, the effects of poor drainage are not recognized, hence, it is not given Proper attention. Banana farms must have good surface and internal drainage to attain good yield.